Polyvinyl chloride (a madadin haka: poly(vinyl chloride), magana: polyvinyl, ko kuma kawai vinyl; a takaice: PVC) shine polymer na roba na uku da aka fi samarwa a duniya (bayan polyethylene da polypropylene). Ana samar da kimanin tan miliyan 40 na PVC kowace shekara.
PVC yana zuwa ne ta hanyoyi guda biyu: mai tauri (wani lokacin a takaice shi ne RPVC) kuma mai sassauƙa. Ana amfani da nau'in PVC mai tauri wajen gini don bututu da kuma aikace-aikacen bayanin martaba kamar ƙofofi da tagogi. Haka kuma ana amfani da shi wajen yin kwalaben filastik, marufi marasa abinci, zanen gado na abinci da katunan filastik (kamar katunan banki ko membobinsu). Ana iya sa shi ya yi laushi da sassauƙa ta hanyar ƙara masu amfani da filastik, waɗanda aka fi amfani da su a ko'ina sune phthalates. A cikin wannan nau'in, ana kuma amfani da shi a cikin bututun ruwa, rufin kebul na lantarki, fata mai kwaikwayon fata, bene, alamun rubutu, rikodin phonograph, samfuran da za a iya hura iska, da aikace-aikace da yawa inda yake maye gurbin roba. Tare da auduga ko lilin, ana amfani da shi wajen samar da zane.
Tsarkakken polyvinyl chloride fari ne mai karyewa. Ba ya narkewa a cikin barasa amma yana narkewa kaɗan a cikin tetrahydrofuran.
An ƙera PVC a shekarar 1872 ta hannun masanin kimiyyar Jamus Eugen Baumann bayan dogon bincike da gwaji. Polymer ɗin ya bayyana a matsayin farin ƙarfe mai ƙarfi a cikin kwalbar vinyl chloride wadda aka bar ta a kan shiryayye wanda aka kare daga hasken rana na tsawon makonni huɗu. A farkon ƙarni na 20, masanin kimiyyar Rasha Ivan Ostromislensky da Fritz Klatte na kamfanin sinadarai na Jamus Griesheim-Elektron duk sun yi ƙoƙarin amfani da PVC a cikin kayayyakin kasuwanci, amma matsalolin sarrafa polymer mai tauri, wanda wani lokacin yake da ƙarfi ya kawo cikas ga ƙoƙarinsu. Waldo Semon da Kamfanin BF Goodrich sun ƙirƙiro wata hanya a shekarar 1926 don ƙara PVC ta hanyar haɗa shi da wasu ƙarin abubuwa, gami da amfani da dibutyl phthalate a shekarar 1933.
Lokacin Saƙo: Fabrairu-09-2023